Can Radiation Cause Thyroid Problems?
December 26, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Yes, exposure to radiation, particularly ionizing radiation, can increase the risk of developing thyroid problems or disorders. The thyroid gland is sensitive to radiation, and exposure to certain types of radiation, especially in high doses or over prolonged periods, can affect its function and lead to various thyroid issues.
There are different scenarios where radiation exposure can impact the thyroid:
- Medical radiation: Radiation therapy used to treat cancers in the head and neck region, including cancers near the thyroid gland, can inadvertently affect the thyroid. High doses of radiation used in these therapies may damage thyroid tissue, leading to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or other thyroid disorders.
- Environmental exposure: Exposure to radiation from nuclear accidents, such as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, has been linked to an increased incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly in individuals exposed to radioactive iodine isotopes released during the accident. Children, in particular, are more susceptible to the effects of radioactive iodine on the thyroid gland.
- Occupational exposure: Certain occupations, such as workers in nuclear facilities or those involved in nuclear testing, may have increased exposure to radiation, potentially leading to higher risks of thyroid issues.
It’s important to note that while radiation exposure is a known risk factor for thyroid problems, the likelihood of developing thyroid disorders due to radiation exposure varies depending on the dose, duration, age at exposure, and individual susceptibility.
Following exposure to radiation, monitoring thyroid function and regular screenings for thyroid disorders are often recommended, especially for individuals who have had significant exposure to radiation. Early detection and proper management of thyroid issues related to radiation exposure are crucial for optimal treatment outcomes.
If there are concerns about potential radiation exposure and its impact on thyroid health, it’s advisable to consult with healthcare professionals, including endocrinologists or specialists in thyroid disorders, for proper evaluation, monitoring, and appropriate management.