How are Stomach Ulcers Caused?
February 8, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Stomach ulcers, also known as gastric ulcers, are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. The primary cause of stomach ulcers is the imbalance between the protective factors that maintain the stomach lining and the aggressive factors that can damage it. The most common factors contributing to the development of stomach ulcers include:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: This bacterium is a major cause of stomach ulcers. H. pylori can weaken the protective mucous layer of the stomach and duodenum, making the underlying tissues more susceptible to damage from stomach acid. It is estimated that the majority of peptic ulcers are associated with H. pylori infection.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Regular use of NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, can increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers. These medications inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which play a role in protecting the stomach lining. NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and lead to the formation of ulcers.
- Acid imbalance: An excess of stomach acid or an imbalance in the production of gastric acid and the protective mucous layer can contribute to ulcer formation. Conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which leads to overproduction of stomach acid, can increase the risk of ulcers.
- Smoking: Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for stomach ulcers. It may interfere with the protective mechanisms of the stomach lining and delay the healing of existing ulcers.
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol use can irritate and erode the stomach lining, increasing the vulnerability to ulcer formation.
- Stress: While stress alone is not a direct cause of stomach ulcers, it can exacerbate existing conditions and contribute to symptoms. Chronic stress may affect the body’s ability to heal and maintain the integrity of the stomach lining.
It’s important to note that while these factors increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers, not everyone with these risk factors will necessarily develop ulcers. Additionally, other factors, such as genetic predisposition and overall health, play a role in ulcer formation.
The symptoms of stomach ulcers may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and in some cases, bleeding. If someone suspects they have a stomach ulcer, it is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. Treatment may involve medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics for H. pylori infection, and lifestyle modifications to minimize risk factors.
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