How Fungal Infection is Caused?

September 29, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Fungal Infection (psoriasis)

Fungal infections, also known as mycoses, can be caused by various types of fungi. These infections can affect different parts of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, mouth, throat, and internal organs. Fungal infections are typically caused by the overgrowth of fungi that are normally present on or in the body, as well as by exposure to external sources of fungal spores. Here are some common ways fungal infections are caused:

  1. Endogenous (from within the body):
    • Normal Flora Overgrowth: Fungi are part of the normal microbial flora of the human body. Under certain conditions, such as a weakened immune system, changes in the skin’s pH, or hormonal imbalances, the normally harmless fungi can overgrow and cause infections. For example, Candida species can cause yeast infections in the mouth (thrush) or genital area.
    • Systemic Infections: In some cases, fungi can enter the bloodstream or invade internal organs, leading to systemic fungal infections. This can occur when the body’s defenses are compromised, as seen in individuals with weakened immune systems or certain medical conditions.
  2. Exogenous (from external sources):
    • Contact with Infected Individuals: Fungal infections, particularly those affecting the skin, can be transmitted from person to person through direct contact. For example, ringworm (a fungal infection of the skin) is highly contagious and can be spread through close contact with an infected person or their personal items.
    • Environmental Exposure: Fungal spores are present in the environment, including soil, air, and water. Exposure to these spores, especially in specific settings such as construction sites, farms, or gardening, can lead to fungal infections. For example, inhaling fungal spores from contaminated soil can cause lung infections like coccidioidomycosis.
    • Contaminated Objects: Fungal spores can settle on various surfaces and objects, such as towels, clothing, and shower floors. Using contaminated items or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces can lead to fungal infections.
    • Unsanitary Conditions: Poor hygiene, inadequate cleaning, and living in unsanitary conditions can increase the risk of fungal infections. For example, toenail or fingernail fungal infections (onychomycosis) can develop in people who do not keep their nails clean and dry.
  3. Specific Risk Factors:
    • Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, or organ transplantation are more susceptible to fungal infections.
    • Diabetes: People with diabetes are at higher risk for fungal infections, particularly in the skin and mucous membranes, due to changes in skin pH and compromised immune function.
    • Antibiotics and Steroids: Prolonged use of certain medications, such as antibiotics and corticosteroids, can disrupt the normal balance of microorganisms in the body and increase the risk of fungal infections.
    • Warm and Humid Environments: Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments. Prolonged exposure to such conditions can increase the risk of fungal skin infections.

The specific type of fungal infection and its treatment can vary depending on the causative fungus, the affected body part, and the individual’s overall health. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be topical (applied to the skin or nails) or systemic (taken orally or intravenously) based on the severity and location of the infection. It’s essential to seek medical attention if you suspect a fungal infection, especially if it does not improve with over-the-counter treatments or if it affects a vulnerable population, such as infants, elderly individuals, or those with compromised immune systems.

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