How is Acidity Caused?

August 19, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD

Acidity, often referred to as acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a variety of symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, and discomfort. The most common cause of acidity is the weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle that separates the stomach from the esophagus. This weakening allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, leading to the sensation of acidity. Here’s how acidity is typically caused:

  • Weak Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): The LES is a muscular valve located at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach. Its main function is to prevent stomach contents, including acid, from flowing back up into the esophagus. When the LES weakens or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can reflux into the esophagus, leading to symptoms of acidity.
  • Hiatal Hernia: A hiatal hernia is a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. This can affect the normal function of the LES, allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus more easily.
  • Dietary Factors: Certain foods and beverages can trigger or exacerbate acidity. Spicy, fatty, and acidic foods, as well as caffeine, carbonated beverages, alcohol, and citrus fruits, are common culprits that can relax the LES or increase stomach acid production.
  • Overeating: Consuming large meals or lying down immediately after eating can put pressure on the stomach and LES, increasing the risk of acid reflux.
  • Pregnancy: During pregnancy, hormonal changes and the pressure exerted by the growing uterus can lead to relaxation of the LES, causing acidity.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight can put pressure on the stomach and LES, promoting acid reflux.
  • Smoking: Smoking can contribute to acidity by relaxing the LES and impairing the function of the lower esophageal muscles.
  • Certain Medications: Some medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and certain muscle relaxants, can weaken the LES or irritate the esophagus, leading to acidity.
  • Lying Down After Meals: Lying down shortly after eating can allow stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus more easily.
  • Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), scleroderma, and connective tissue disorders, can contribute to acidity.

Chronic acidity and acid reflux can lead to complications if left untreated, such as erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus (a precancerous condition), and narrowing of the esophagus. Lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medications can often help manage and alleviate the symptoms of acidity. If you experience persistent or severe symptoms of acidity, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

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