How is Oral Cancer Causes?

February 13, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Oral Cancer

Oral cancer, which includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and throat, can be caused by a variety of factors. The development of oral cancer is often multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Here are some key factors associated with the development of oral cancer:

  • Tobacco Use: The use of tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco (such as chewing tobacco or snuff), is a significant risk factor for oral cancer. Tobacco smoke and other byproducts contain carcinogenic substances that can damage the cells in the oral cavity.
  • Alcohol Consumption: Excessive and long-term alcohol consumption is strongly linked to an increased risk of oral cancer. Combining alcohol use with tobacco use significantly elevates the risk.
  • HPV Infection: Infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, has been associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. HPV-related oral cancers often occur in the oropharynx (back of the throat) and are more common in younger individuals.
  • Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight, especially in fair-skinned individuals, can increase the risk of lip cancer. This is particularly relevant for individuals who work outdoors for extended periods without protection.
  • Poor Diet: A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables may be associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. These foods contain essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that play a role in maintaining the health of the oral tissues.
  • Chronic Irritation: Chronic irritation or inflammation of the oral tissues, often caused by poorly fitting dentures, sharp teeth, or chronic irritation from tobacco use, can contribute to the development of oral cancer.
  • Age and Gender: The risk of oral cancer increases with age, and men are generally at a higher risk than women. However, the incidence of HPV-related oral cancers has been increasing in younger individuals.
  • Genetic Factors: There may be a genetic predisposition to oral cancer in some individuals. Certain genetic mutations or a family history of oral cancer may contribute to an increased risk.
  • Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive treatments, may have an elevated risk of developing oral cancer.
  • Betel Quid and Areca Nut Use: Chewing betel quid, a mixture of areca nut, slaked lime, and other ingredients, is a common practice in some cultures and is associated with an increased risk of oral cancer.

Regular dental check-ups, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection, protecting the lips from excessive sun exposure, and maintaining a healthy diet are important preventive measures. Early detection through regular oral examinations is crucial for successful treatment of oral cancer. Individuals with risk factors or symptoms should seek prompt medical attention for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

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