How Liver Cancer is Caused?

February 13, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Liver Cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Liver cancer, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), can be caused by various factors, with chronic liver disease being a major risk factor. Here are some key factors that contribute to the development of liver cancer:

  • Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Chronic infection with certain hepatitis viruses, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), is a leading cause of liver cancer. Chronic inflammation in the liver, often lasting for many years, can lead to the development of cancerous cells.
  • Liver Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver tissue, typically resulting from long-term liver damage and inflammation. Chronic liver diseases, including chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can progress to cirrhosis, increasing the risk of liver cancer.
  • Alcohol Consumption: Excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to liver inflammation, fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis, all of which are associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer.
  • Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): NAFLD is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, which may progress to inflammation and cirrhosis. Individuals with advanced NAFLD or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have an increased risk of developing liver cancer.
  • Aflatoxin Exposure: Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain molds that can contaminate food, particularly nuts and grains. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer.
  • Hereditary Conditions: Inherited genetic conditions, such as hereditary hemochromatosis (iron overload) and certain metabolic disorders, can increase the risk of liver cancer.
  • Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are linked to an increased risk of liver cancer. These conditions may contribute to the development of NAFLD, which, in turn, can progress to more severe liver disease.
  • Tobacco Use: Smoking is associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer, particularly in individuals with other risk factors such as viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Diabetes: People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing liver cancer, possibly due to the association with obesity and metabolic syndrome, as well as the potential impact of diabetes on liver health.
  • Certain Medications and Chemical Exposures: Long-term use of certain medications, such as anabolic steroids or some herbicides, and exposure to certain industrial chemicals may increase the risk of liver cancer.

It’s important to note that liver cancer can develop in individuals without underlying liver disease or cirrhosis, and some cases may have no clear identifiable risk factors.

Regular medical check-ups, vaccination against hepatitis B, lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of liver diseases (such as limiting alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding exposure to toxins), and timely treatment of chronic liver conditions can help reduce the risk of liver cancer. Early detection through regular screenings is crucial for improving the prognosis of liver cancer. Individuals at risk or experiencing symptoms should consult with healthcare professionals for appropriate evaluation and management.

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