How Rheumatoid Arthritis is Caused?

February 14, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. In the case of RA, the target is primarily the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround the joints. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully understood, but it is likely influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

  • Genetic Factors: There is a genetic component to rheumatoid arthritis, as it tends to run in families. Certain genetic markers, such as specific variations in the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) genes, are associated with an increased risk of developing RA. However, having these genetic markers does not guarantee that an individual will develop the disease.
  • Environmental Factors: While genetics play a role, environmental factors also contribute to the development of RA. Environmental triggers may include infections, exposure to certain substances, or hormonal changes. Smoking, for example, is a well-established environmental risk factor for RA and can increase the severity of the disease.
  • Immune System Dysfunction: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system mistakenly identifies the synovium as a threat and initiates an immune response. This immune response leads to inflammation in the synovium, causing pain, swelling, and eventually damage to the joint. The inflammatory process can extend to other parts of the body, affecting organs such as the heart and lungs.
  • Gender and Age: RA is more common in women than in men, and it often starts between the ages of 30 and 60. However, it can occur at any age, including in children (juvenile idiopathic arthritis).
  • Other Factors: Hormonal changes, particularly in women, may also play a role. Pregnancy, for example, can affect the severity of RA symptoms, with some women experiencing improvement during pregnancy and a potential flare-up after childbirth.

It’s important to note that rheumatoid arthritis is a complex condition with a multifaceted etiology. Researchers continue to investigate the interplay between genetic and environmental factors to gain a better understanding of the disease and develop more targeted treatments. If you suspect you have RA or are experiencing joint pain and inflammation, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management. Early detection and intervention can help manage symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage.

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