What are the First Symptoms of Polio?
October 14, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the poliovirus. The majority of polio cases result in mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, but in some cases, it can lead to severe paralysis, affecting the muscles and potentially causing lifelong disability. The early symptoms of polio can vary based on the type of polio infection:
- Asymptomatic (Subclinical) Polio: Many individuals infected with the poliovirus do not display any symptoms and may not even realize they are infected. Despite being asymptomatic, they can still spread the virus to others.
- Minor Illness (Abortive Polio): This form of polio may present mild, flu-like symptoms that can include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Sore throat
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Muscle aches and spasms
- Meningitis-like symptoms (stiff neck and back)
- Usually lasting 1 to 2 weeks
- Nonparalytic Polio (Aseptic Meningitis): Some individuals may experience more severe symptoms, resembling minor polio, along with symptoms of viral meningitis:
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Sensitivity to light
- Muscle stiffness and pain
- Fatigue
- Muscle weakness
- May last for a few weeks, and complete recovery is common
- Paralytic Polio: In severe cases, the poliovirus attacks the nervous system, leading to paralysis. Symptoms may include:
- Sudden muscle weakness or paralysis, often asymmetric (more commonly affecting the legs)
- Loss of muscle tone and reflexes
- Severe muscle pain and spasms
- Difficulty swallowing or speaking
- Difficulty breathing (if respiratory muscles are affected)
- Persistent headache
- Fever
- Generally, symptoms progress rapidly, reaching their peak within a few days
- Paralysis may be permanent, and complications can include deformities and muscle contractures
It’s important to note that not everyone exposed to the poliovirus will develop symptoms or paralysis. Most individuals (around 90-95%) who contract the poliovirus experience mild or no symptoms at all.
Vaccination through the polio vaccine is highly effective in preventing polio. Routine immunization and booster doses are essential for maintaining immunity and eradicating polio worldwide. If you suspect polio infection, seek medical attention for appropriate evaluation and care.