What are the Signs and Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia?
November 6, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that results from a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for the production of red blood cells. This condition can have a wide range of signs and symptoms, many of which are due to the lack of red blood cells and the resulting impaired oxygen transport in the body. Here are the key signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia:
- Fatigue: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms. It can be persistent and severe, often interfering with daily activities. This fatigue is primarily due to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
- Pale Skin: People with pernicious anemia often have pale or jaundiced (yellowish) skin. The paleness is a result of decreased red blood cell production and oxygen delivery to the body’s tissues.
- Shortness of Breath: Reduced oxygen transport leads to shortness of breath, even with minimal physical exertion. This is often accompanied by rapid heart rate (tachycardia).
- Weakness: Generalized weakness and muscle weakness are common symptoms. Individuals may feel physically weak and unable to perform routine tasks.
- Dizziness and Lightheadedness: Anemia can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and a feeling of faintness when standing up or changing positions, a condition known as orthostatic hypotension.
- Cognitive and Mood Changes: Pernicious anemia can affect cognitive function, leading to difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and mood disturbances, such as depression and irritability.
- Numbness and Tingling: Neurological symptoms may occur due to damage to the nervous system, including numbness and tingling in the hands and feet. This can progress to more severe neurological issues.
- Balance Problems: Unsteady gait and difficulty with balance can be a result of nerve damage from vitamin B12 deficiency. This is often referred to as ataxia.
- Sore Tongue and Mouth: Some individuals with pernicious anemia may experience a sore, red, and swollen tongue (glossitis). They may also develop mouth ulcers.
- Difficulty Swallowing: Swallowing problems, or dysphagia, can occur when the tongue and throat muscles are affected.
- Yellowing of the Eyes and Skin: Jaundice, a yellowing of the eyes and skin, can occur due to the breakdown of red blood cells and the accumulation of bilirubin.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Some people with pernicious anemia may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
It’s important to note that the term “pernicious” in pernicious anemia refers to the historically severe and deadly nature of the disease before the discovery of its treatment. Today, pernicious anemia can be effectively managed with vitamin B12 supplementation, often administered by injections. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition.
If you suspect you may have pernicious anemia or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical evaluation and diagnosis by a healthcare professional, typically a hematologist or a gastroenterologist. They can perform blood tests to determine the cause of your symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment.