What are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder?
September 17, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings or episodes of mania and depression. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary in severity and type but generally fall into two main categories: manic and depressive symptoms. Here’s an overview of these symptoms:
Manic Symptoms:
- Elevated Mood: During a manic episode, a person may experience an intense and abnormally elevated mood. They might feel extremely happy, euphoric, or irritable.
- Increased Energy: Manic episodes are often associated with a surge of energy. Individuals may feel like they can go without sleep or rest for extended periods.
- Rapid Speech: People in a manic state tend to talk quickly and impulsively. Their thoughts may race, making it difficult for others to follow their conversations.
- Impulsivity: During mania, individuals may engage in impulsive and risky behaviors, such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or risky sexual activities.
- Decreased Need for Sleep: Some individuals with bipolar disorder experience reduced sleep needs during manic episodes. They may feel rested after only a few hours of sleep or go without sleep entirely.
- Grandiosity: People in a manic state may have an inflated sense of self-esteem and self-importance. They may believe they possess special abilities or talents.
Depressive Symptoms:
- Persistent Sadness: During a depressive episode, individuals with bipolar disorder often experience profound sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities they once enjoyed.
- Fatigue: Depressive episodes are marked by extreme fatigue and low energy levels. Even small tasks can feel overwhelming.
- Changes in Sleep Patterns: Depressive episodes can lead to changes in sleep patterns. Some individuals may sleep excessively (hypersomnia), while others may have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep (insomnia).
- Difficulty Concentrating: Concentration and decision-making abilities are often impaired during depressive episodes.
- Appetite Changes: Significant changes in appetite, resulting in either weight gain or loss, can occur during depressive episodes.
- Feelings of Guilt or Worthlessness: People with bipolar depression may experience overwhelming guilt, feelings of worthlessness, or thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
It’s important to note that not everyone with bipolar disorder experiences the same symptoms or in the same way. Additionally, there are different types of bipolar disorder, including bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder, each with its own pattern of mood episodes. Diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional are crucial for managing bipolar disorder effectively. Treatment often involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy to stabilize mood swings and improve overall quality of life.