What are the Symptoms of Urea Cycle Disorder?
October 11, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the body’s ability to remove ammonia from the blood. Ammonia is a toxic substance produced when the body breaks down proteins. The symptoms of urea cycle disorders can vary depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder. Common symptoms include:
- Vomiting and Nausea:
- Frequent vomiting, often occurring shortly after eating protein-rich foods.
- Persistent nausea or a general feeling of discomfort in the stomach.
- Lethargy and Fatigue:
- Extreme tiredness and lack of energy, even after rest.
- Lethargy and a decreased interest in activities.
- Mental Changes:
- Confusion, disorientation, or behavioral changes.
- Personality changes or irritability.
- Seizures:
- Recurrent seizures or abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
- Muscle Weakness:
- Weakness, muscle pain, or difficulty with muscle coordination.
- Muscle cramps or spasms.
- Breathing Problems:
- Rapid or shallow breathing.
- Respiratory distress, especially in infants.
- Behavioral Changes:
- Agitation, aggression, or hyperactivity.
- Developmental Delay:
- Delayed growth and development, both physically and mentally.
- Delays in achieving milestones, particularly in infants and young children.
- Headaches:
- Frequent or persistent headaches.
- Increased Blood Ammonia Levels:
- Elevated levels of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia) due to the inability to effectively process and eliminate ammonia.
- Coma:
- In severe cases, untreated hyperammonemia can lead to loss of consciousness and a coma.
It’s important to note that the symptoms and severity of urea cycle disorders can vary widely from person to person. Some individuals may experience more severe symptoms shortly after birth, while others may have milder symptoms that appear later in childhood or even adulthood.
Early diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders are critical to preventing complications and improving outcomes. Treatment often involves a specialized diet low in protein, medications, supplements, and in some cases, organ transplantation. If you suspect a urea cycle disorder, seeking immediate medical attention and consulting with a genetic specialist is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.