What Causes Dandruff and Itchy Scalp?

February 26, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Dandruff and an itchy scalp

Dandruff and an itchy scalp can be caused by various factors, and often they are related. The most common causes include:

  • Malassezia (Yeast) Overgrowth: Malassezia is a yeast that naturally resides on the scalp. An overgrowth of this yeast can lead to irritation and inflammation, resulting in dandruff. Malassezia feeds on the oils secreted by hair follicles, and its byproducts can trigger an immune response in some individuals, causing itching.
  • Seborrheic Dermatitis: This is a common condition that causes red, inflamed skin and the formation of oily, yellowish scales. Seborrheic dermatitis is believed to be linked to an overgrowth of Malassezia, and it can affect the scalp, face, and other oily areas of the body.
  • Dry Scalp: Dry skin on the scalp can lead to flaking and itching. This can be exacerbated by factors such as cold weather, low humidity, or using harsh hair care products.
  • Not Shampooing Enough: Infrequent shampooing can allow the accumulation of dead skin cells, oils, and other debris on the scalp, leading to dandruff.
  • Sensitivity to Hair Care Products: Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to certain ingredients in shampoos, conditioners, or styling products. This sensitivity can cause an itchy scalp and contribute to dandruff.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during puberty, pregnancy, or with certain medical conditions, can impact the oil production on the scalp and contribute to dandruff.
  • Certain Medical Conditions: Conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections can cause flaking and itching of the scalp.
  • Stress: Stress has been linked to various skin conditions, including dandruff. While it’s not the sole cause, stress may exacerbate existing scalp issues.

Managing dandruff and an itchy scalp often involves regular and gentle cleansing of the hair and scalp, using anti-dandruff shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or coal tar. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary, especially if the condition is associated with an underlying skin condition or infection. If you’re experiencing persistent or severe symptoms, it’s advisable to consult with a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

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