What Causes Diabetes?
July 13, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Here are the factors that contribute to each type:
1. Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause of this autoimmune response is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. It is not directly linked to lifestyle or diet choices.
- Genetic factors: Certain genes can increase the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Having family members with type 1 diabetes can slightly increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Environmental factors: Environmental triggers, such as viral infections (e.g., enteroviruses), may play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals. However, more research is needed to fully understand the specific triggers and mechanisms involved.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is often associated with lifestyle and health factors. The following factors contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes:
- Obesity and overweight: Excess body weight, especially abdominal fat, is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Obesity can lead to insulin resistance, where the body’s cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin.
- Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells do not effectively use insulin to process glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream. This leads to higher blood sugar levels. The exact cause of insulin resistance is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- Genetic factors: Family history and certain genetic traits can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, having a genetic predisposition does not guarantee the development of the disease, as lifestyle factors also play a significant role.
- Lifestyle factors: Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet (high in processed foods, sugary beverages, and saturated fats), and lack of physical activity contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. These factors can lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism.
- Age and ethnicity: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age, particularly after the age of 45. Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher predisposition to developing type 2 diabetes.
- Gestational diabetes: Pregnancy-related hormonal changes can lead to temporary insulin resistance, resulting in gestational diabetes. Women who develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
It’s important to note that while certain factors increase the risk of developing diabetes, lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight management, can significantly reduce the risk and help manage the condition for those already diagnosed.