What Causes Heartburn During Pregnancy?
September 8, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Heartburn during pregnancy, also known as acid indigestion or acid reflux, is a common discomfort experienced by many pregnant individuals. Several factors contribute to the development of heartburn during pregnancy:
- Hormonal Changes: During pregnancy, the body undergoes significant hormonal changes, including increased levels of the hormone progesterone. Progesterone relaxes smooth muscle tissue throughout the body, including the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that separates the esophagus from the stomach. When the LES relaxes, it allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, leading to heartburn.
- Pressure on the Stomach: As the pregnancy progresses and the uterus expands, it can exert pressure on the stomach. This pressure can cause the contents of the stomach, including stomach acid, to be pushed upward into the esophagus, leading to heartburn.
- Slower Digestion: Pregnancy can slow down the digestive process. Food stays in the stomach longer, allowing more time for stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus.
- Gastric Muscle Relaxation: In addition to the LES relaxing, the muscles in the digestive tract may also relax, slowing down the movement of food through the stomach and intestines. This can contribute to heartburn symptoms.
- Increased Stomach Acid: Some pregnant individuals may experience an increase in stomach acid production, which can exacerbate heartburn symptoms.
- Dietary Factors: Certain foods and beverages can trigger heartburn during pregnancy. These may include spicy or acidic foods, caffeine, carbonated drinks, and citrus fruits.
- Large or Heavy Meals: Eating large or heavy meals can put additional pressure on the stomach and increase the likelihood of heartburn.
- Posture: Slouching or reclining immediately after eating can make it easier for stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
To manage heartburn during pregnancy and reduce discomfort, pregnant individuals can consider the following tips:
- Eat Smaller, Frequent Meals: Consuming smaller meals throughout the day can help reduce pressure on the stomach and minimize the risk of heartburn.
- Avoid Trigger Foods: Identify and avoid foods and beverages that trigger heartburn symptoms.
- Sit Upright After Eating: Maintain an upright posture for at least an hour after eating to reduce the risk of acid reflux.
- Elevate the Head of the Bed: Sleeping with the upper body slightly elevated can help prevent acid reflux during the night.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water between meals to stay hydrated, but avoid drinking large amounts of fluids during meals.
- Antacids: Over-the-counter antacids, with a healthcare provider’s approval, can provide relief from occasional heartburn symptoms.
It’s important for pregnant individuals experiencing persistent or severe heartburn to consult their healthcare provider for guidance and management, as some medications and lifestyle changes may be recommended to alleviate symptoms while ensuring the safety of both the pregnant person and the baby.