What Causes Kidney Infections in Females?
October 4, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Kidney infections, also known as pyelonephritis, are typically caused by a bacterial infection that starts in the urinary tract and travels up to the kidneys. In females, several factors can increase the risk of developing kidney infections:
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Most kidney infections result from untreated or inadequately treated lower urinary tract infections. Bacteria, often Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract, can enter the urethra and travel up the urinary tract to the bladder and eventually reach the kidneys. In women, the urethra is relatively short, making it easier for bacteria to reach the urinary system.
- Anatomy: The proximity of the female urethra to the anus can increase the risk of bacteria from the rectal area entering the urethra and causing UTIs, which can progress to kidney infections if left untreated.
- Sexual Activity: Sexual activity, especially if frequent or with multiple partners, can increase the risk of UTIs, including kidney infections. Sexual activity can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women are at a higher risk of UTIs and kidney infections due to hormonal changes that can slow urine flow and the pressure on the urinary tract as the uterus expands.
- Menstrual Hygiene Products: The use of certain menstrual hygiene products, such as diaphragms or spermicides, can increase the risk of UTIs, which can lead to kidney infections.
- Catheter Use: The use of urinary catheters, which are more common in healthcare settings, can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.
- Structural Abnormalities: Some individuals may have structural abnormalities in the urinary tract that make it easier for bacteria to ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, increasing the risk of kidney infections.
- Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can weaken the immune system and increase the susceptibility to infections, including UTIs and kidney infections.
- Immune System Weakness: Conditions or medications that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or certain immunosuppressive drugs, can increase the risk of infections, including kidney infections.
- Obstruction: Any condition that obstructs the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder, such as kidney stones or urinary tract tumors, can increase the risk of kidney infections.
Symptoms of a kidney infection typically include fever, back or flank pain, urinary urgency, frequent urination, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. Kidney infections require prompt medical attention and are typically treated with antibiotics. If left untreated, they can lead to serious complications, including kidney damage or sepsis, a life-threatening condition. It’s important for individuals, particularly females who are more prone to UTIs, to seek medical care if they experience symptoms of a urinary tract infection to prevent the infection from progressing to the kidneys. Proper hygiene, staying well-hydrated, and practicing safe sexual behaviors can help reduce the risk of kidney infections.