What Causes Pain During Periods?
August 9, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Pain during periods, also known as dysmenorrhea, is a common issue experienced by many menstruating individuals. The pain can vary in intensity and is often characterized by cramping in the lower abdomen, but it can also radiate to the lower back and thighs. There are two main types of dysmenorrhea: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Each has different underlying causes:
- Primary Dysmenorrhea: This type of menstrual pain occurs without any underlying medical condition. It usually begins a day or two before menstruation starts and may last for a few days. The exact cause of primary dysmenorrhea isn’t fully understood, but it’s thought to be related to the release of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that cause the uterine muscles to contract and can lead to cramping. Factors that can contribute to primary dysmenorrhea include:
- Prostaglandin Levels: Higher levels of prostaglandins can lead to stronger uterine contractions and more severe cramping.
- Genetics: A family history of dysmenorrhea might increase the likelihood of experiencing it.
- Age and Lifestyle: Younger individuals and those who smoke might be more prone to primary dysmenorrhea.
- Stress: Stress and emotional factors can exacerbate menstrual pain.
- Secondary Dysmenorrhea: This type of menstrual pain is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as:
- Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, leading to pain and inflammation.
- Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain, heavy periods, and other symptoms.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria.
- Adenomyosis: A condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows into the uterine wall, leading to pain and heavy periods.
- IUD (Intrauterine Device): Some individuals might experience increased menstrual pain after getting an IUD.
- Ovarian Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the ovaries and cause pain.
- Cervical Stenosis: Narrowing of the cervix, which can impede menstrual flow and cause pain.
It’s important to note that mild discomfort during periods is normal, but severe or debilitating pain should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. If you experience severe pain, pain that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter pain relievers, or other symptoms like heavy bleeding, irregular periods, or pain that interferes with daily activities, it’s recommended to consult a healthcare professional. They can diagnose the underlying cause of the pain and recommend appropriate treatment options to manage the discomfort.