What Causes Parkinson’s Disease?

July 16, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Causes of Parkinson's Disease

The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease is still not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here are some key factors that are thought to contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease:

  1. Genetic Mutations: Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. However, these mutations are relatively rare and account for a small percentage of cases. The most well-known genetic mutation associated with Parkinson’s disease is the mutation in the LRRK2 gene.
  2. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors may play a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease, although their exact mechanisms are not fully understood. These factors include exposure to pesticides and herbicides, industrial chemicals (such as solvents and heavy metals), well water contaminated with certain toxins, and living in rural areas with farming as a primary occupation.
  3. Dopamine Deficiency: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells in a region of the brain called the substantia nigra. This dopamine deficiency leads to the motor symptoms associated with the disease. However, the underlying reasons for this cell loss are still not clear.
  4. Protein Accumulation: In Parkinson’s disease, abnormal protein aggregates called Lewy bodies accumulate in certain brain cells. These Lewy bodies contain a protein called alpha-synuclein. The accumulation of alpha-synuclein is believed to play a role in the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells and the development of Parkinson’s symptoms. The reasons for alpha-synuclein accumulation and its toxic effects on brain cells are still being studied.
  5. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: There is growing evidence suggesting that oxidative stress (cellular damage caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants) and chronic inflammation in the brain may contribute to the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease.

It’s important to note that Parkinson’s disease is a complex disorder, and the interplay of these factors can vary from person to person. Additionally, the majority of Parkinson’s cases occur sporadically without a clear genetic cause. More research is needed to fully understand the causes and mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease.

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