What Causes Psychosis?
November 3, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Psychosis is a symptom or set of symptoms, rather than a specific disorder itself, and it can be caused by various underlying conditions or factors. It is characterized by a disconnection from reality and may involve hallucinations (false sensory perceptions) and delusions (false beliefs). Here are some of the common causes of psychosis:
- Mental Health Disorders: a. Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that often involves psychosis. The exact cause of schizophrenia is not fully understood but likely involves genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. b. Bipolar Disorder: People with bipolar disorder may experience episodes of psychosis during manic or depressive phases. c. Severe Depression: In some cases of severe depression, known as psychotic depression, individuals may experience hallucinations or delusions. d. Borderline Personality Disorder: Some individuals with this disorder may experience transient episodes of psychosis during periods of extreme stress.
- Substance Abuse: The use of certain substances, including alcohol, stimulants, hallucinogens, and some prescription drugs, can lead to drug-induced psychosis. It is often reversible upon discontinuing the substance.
- Medical Conditions: a. Neurological Disorders: Brain injuries, tumors, infections, and conditions like epilepsy can cause psychosis. b. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like lupus and multiple sclerosis can affect the brain and lead to psychosis. c. Infections: Infections of the central nervous system, such as encephalitis, can result in psychotic symptoms. d. Metabolic Imbalances: Certain metabolic disorders can disrupt brain function and lead to psychosis. e. Sleep Deprivation: Extreme sleep deprivation or disruptions in the sleep cycle can lead to transient psychosis.
- Trauma and Stress: Severe stress or traumatic events can trigger a brief psychotic episode in some individuals. This is known as reactive psychosis.
- Genetic and Hereditary Factors: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to develop psychotic disorders. There is evidence to suggest a hereditary component in conditions like schizophrenia.
- Unknown Causes: In some cases, the specific cause of psychosis may remain unclear, and it may be classified as “psychosis not otherwise specified” or “brief psychotic disorder.”
Treatment for psychosis often depends on the underlying cause. It may include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, support, and lifestyle adjustments. It is essential for individuals experiencing psychosis to receive a thorough evaluation and appropriate care from a healthcare professional to address the underlying condition and manage their symptoms. Early intervention can be crucial in improving outcomes for people with psychosis.