What Causes Sneezing and Runny Nose?

September 12, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Sneezing and Runny Nose

Sneezing and a runny nose are common symptoms of various conditions, including allergies, infections, irritants, and other factors. Here are some of the most common causes of sneezing and a runny nose:

  • Allergies: Allergic reactions to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold spores, and certain foods can trigger sneezing and a runny nose. This condition is known as allergic rhinitis or hay fever.
  • Viral Infections: The common cold and other viral infections like influenza (flu) can cause sneezing, a runny nose, and other respiratory symptoms. These infections are highly contagious.
  • Bacterial Infections: Some bacterial infections, such as sinusitis or bronchitis, can lead to symptoms similar to those of a viral infection, including sneezing and a runny nose.
  • Environmental Irritants: Exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke, air pollution, strong odors, and chemicals can irritate the nasal passages and lead to sneezing and a runny nose.
  • Cold Weather: Cold temperatures and dry air can trigger a runny nose, as the body attempts to humidify and warm the inhaled air, leading to increased nasal secretions.
  • Spicy Foods: Spicy foods can sometimes irritate the nasal passages and cause sneezing or a runny nose.
  • Physical Irritation: Physical irritants like foreign objects, excessive nose blowing, or aggressive nose picking can irritate the nasal lining and lead to sneezing and a runny nose.
  • Medications: Certain medications, such as nasal decongestant sprays or some blood pressure medications, can cause a rebound effect, leading to congestion and a runny nose when the medication wears off.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause, can lead to changes in nasal secretions and increased sneezing.
  • Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions like vasomotor rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, and hormonal imbalances can lead to chronic or recurrent sneezing and a runny nose.
  • Food Allergies: Some individuals may experience sneezing and a runny nose as part of an allergic reaction to specific foods.
  • Foreign Bodies: The presence of a foreign body in the nasal passages, particularly in children, can cause sneezing and nasal discharge.

Treatment for sneezing and a runny nose depends on the underlying cause. For allergies, antihistamines and decongestants may be recommended. Viral infections typically resolve on their own, while bacterial infections may require antibiotics. Avoiding irritants and using humidifiers can help relieve symptoms related to environmental factors. If symptoms persist or worsen, or if they are accompanied by other concerning symptoms (such as fever, difficulty breathing, or severe headache), it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance.

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