What is Glaucoma and its Symptoms?
October 7, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that cause damage to the optic nerve, a crucial part of the eye responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain. This damage is often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), the pressure within the eye. The optic nerve is vital for vision, and if it is impaired, it can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness if left untreated.
The eye is like a camera, with the cornea and lens focusing light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina converts light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to perceive the images we see. In individuals with glaucoma, there is a gradual buildup of fluid (aqueous humor) within the eye, leading to increased pressure. This increased pressure can damage the optic nerve and its fibers, ultimately affecting vision.
There are several types of glaucoma, but the most common ones are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma, the most prevalent type, develops slowly over time. The drainage angle in the eye is open, but the aqueous humor doesn’t drain properly, causing a gradual increase in eye pressure. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, is more sudden and occurs when the drainage angle gets blocked, causing a rapid increase in pressure.
The symptoms of glaucoma can vary based on the type and stage of the disease. In its early stages, glaucoma often presents no noticeable symptoms, which is why it is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight.” However, as the disease progresses, symptoms can become more apparent. These may include:
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision: Glaucoma typically causes a gradual and painless loss of peripheral or side vision, making it difficult to see objects out of the corner of the eye.
- Blurred or hazy vision: Patients may experience blurred or hazy vision, making it challenging to focus clearly on objects.
- Eye pain and redness: In some cases, individuals with acute angle-closure glaucoma may experience severe eye pain, headaches, redness, and discomfort.
- Halos around lights: Glaucoma can cause halos or rainbow-like circles to appear around lights, especially during the night.
- Difficulty adjusting to low light: Those with glaucoma may find it hard to adjust their vision in low-light conditions.
Regular eye examinations are crucial in detecting glaucoma early, as early detection allows for better management and prevention of vision loss. Treatment often involves lowering intraocular pressure through medication, laser therapy, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of the glaucoma. Ongoing monitoring and adherence to prescribed treatments are essential in managing glaucoma effectively and preserving vision.