What is Scleroderma and its Symptoms?
October 4, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the hardening and tightening of connective tissues and skin. The exact cause is unknown, and there is currently no cure. The symptoms can vary in severity and may include:
- Skin Changes:
- Thickening and hardening of the skin, especially on the fingers, hands, face, and forearms.
- Tight, shiny skin that may appear as if it’s stretched.
- Raynaud’s Phenomenon:
- Sensitivity to cold or stress, causing blood vessels in the fingers and toes to narrow and temporarily limit blood flow.
- Fingers and toes may turn white, blue, or red, and may be painful or numb during an episode.
- Gastrointestinal Issues:
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) due to the involvement of esophageal muscles.
- Acid reflux and heartburn.
- Bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation.
- Respiratory Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion.
- Dry cough, often accompanied by difficulty breathing.
- Joint and Muscle Pain:
- Achy and painful joints.
- Muscle weakness and tenderness.
- Fatigue and Weakness:
- Chronic fatigue and a lack of energy.
- Joint Stiffness:
- Stiffness in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Dental Issues:
- Tightening of the skin around the mouth, leading to a small mouth opening and difficulty in proper dental care.
- Weight Loss: Unintended weight loss due to difficulties with digestion and absorption of nutrients.
- Heart and Blood Vessel Involvement:
- Damage to blood vessels and internal organs, which can lead to complications affecting the heart, lungs, or kidneys.
- Kidney Involvement:
- High blood pressure and kidney problems in some cases.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential in managing symptoms and preventing complications associated with scleroderma. Treatment focuses on symptom relief, slowing disease progression, and managing complications through medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider and a multidisciplinary approach to care are crucial for individuals with scleroderma.