What Pathogen Causes Elephantiasis?

March 30, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Lymphatic filariasis

Elephantiasis, formally known as lymphatic filariasis, is caused by infection with parasitic worms known as filarial worms. The primary species of filarial worms responsible for lymphatic filariasis are:

  • Wuchereria bancrofti: This is the most common cause of lymphatic filariasis worldwide. Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes, primarily species of the genera Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes.
  • Brugia malayi: Another species of filarial worm, Brugia malayi, also causes lymphatic filariasis, particularly in parts of Asia. Like Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes.

These filarial worms infect the lymphatic system, causing blockages and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. Over time, chronic infection can lead to the development of lymphedema (swelling) and elephantiasis, particularly in the legs and genital area. The characteristic swelling and thickening of the skin in affected areas give rise to the term “elephantiasis.”

Preventive measures for lymphatic filariasis primarily involve mosquito control strategies, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, to reduce mosquito populations and prevent transmission of the filarial worms. Mass drug administration (MDA) programs, which involve the distribution of antiparasitic medications to entire at-risk populations, are also employed in endemic regions to eliminate the parasites and interrupt transmission. These efforts aim to reduce the burden of lymphatic filariasis and prevent the debilitating consequences of elephantiasis.

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