How Does Cancer Cause Weight Loss?
February 9, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Unintentional weight loss is a common symptom associated with cancer, and it can occur through various mechanisms related to the disease and its impact on the body. Cancer-related weight loss is often referred to as cancer cachexia. Here are some ways in which cancer can lead to weight loss:
- Increased Metabolism: Cancer cells can alter the body’s metabolism, leading to an increased breakdown of nutrients. The body may use more energy than usual as it tries to combat the cancer, resulting in a higher calorie expenditure. This increased metabolic rate can contribute to weight loss.
- Loss of Appetite: Cancer and its treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can affect the appetite-regulating mechanisms in the body. Many cancer patients experience a reduced desire to eat, often due to factors like nausea, taste changes, or a feeling of fullness. This decreased food intake can contribute to weight loss.
- Malabsorption of Nutrients: Some cancers can affect the gastrointestinal tract, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. Tumors in the digestive system may interfere with the absorption of essential nutrients, including fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. This malabsorption can result in nutritional deficiencies and weight loss.
- Increased Energy Expenditure: The body may expend more energy in an attempt to fight the cancer. The immune system becomes activated, and various physiological processes may require additional energy, contributing to weight loss.
- Production of Cytokines: Cancer cells and the body’s response to cancer can lead to the production of inflammatory substances called cytokines. These cytokines can contribute to muscle wasting and loss of fat tissue, further promoting weight loss.
- Loss of Lean Body Mass: Cancer cachexia often involves the loss of lean body mass, including muscle tissue. This can result in weakness, fatigue, and a decline in overall physical function, contributing to weight loss.
- Psychological Factors: The emotional and psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis, along with the stress associated with treatment, can affect eating habits. Depression, anxiety, and stress can lead to changes in appetite and dietary behaviors, contributing to weight loss.
It’s important to note that cancer-related weight loss is a complex and multifactorial process, and the specific mechanisms can vary depending on the type of cancer and individual factors. Unintentional weight loss is a concerning symptom and should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Early detection and management of cancer-related weight loss are crucial for optimizing the overall well-being and treatment outcomes of individuals affected by cancer.