How is Arthritis Caused?

September 5, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Arthritis

Arthritis refers to a group of more than 100 different types of joint disorders that cause inflammation, pain, and stiffness in one or more joints. These disorders can be caused by various factors, and the specific cause depends on the type of arthritis. Here are some common causes and risk factors associated with different types of arthritis:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA): Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is primarily caused by the wear and tear of joints over time. The following factors can contribute to the development of OA:
    • Aging: As people get older, the cartilage that cushions the joints may break down, leading to OA.
    • Joint injuries: Previous joint injuries or trauma can increase the risk of OA in those specific joints.
    • Genetics: A family history of OA can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
    • Obesity: Excess body weight can put extra stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, increasing the risk of OA.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (the lining of the membranes that surround the joints). The exact cause of RA is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Smoking is one environmental factor associated with an increased risk of developing RA.
  • Gout: Gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. This can occur when the body produces too much uric acid or when the kidneys do not efficiently remove it from the bloodstream. Diet, genetics, and certain medical conditions can contribute to gout.
  • Juvenile Arthritis: Juvenile arthritis refers to a group of autoimmune disorders that affect children and adolescents. The causes are not well understood, but genetics and environmental factors may play a role.
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is believed to have a genetic component, as it tends to run in families. Specific genes, such as HLA-B27, are associated with an increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis.
  • Psoriatic Arthritis: Psoriatic arthritis is associated with the skin condition psoriasis. The exact cause is not known, but genetics and the immune system are thought to be involved.
  • Infectious Arthritis: Certain infections, such as bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, can lead to infectious arthritis when microorganisms invade the joint. These infections can be introduced through injury or surgery or may spread from other parts of the body.
  • Lupus: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and joints. The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but genetics and environmental factors are believed to contribute to its development.

It’s important to note that the causes and risk factors for each type of arthritis can vary widely. Additionally, while some types of arthritis have known genetic or environmental associations, others do not have a clear cause. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to help individuals with arthritis manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. If you suspect you have arthritis or are experiencing joint pain and inflammation, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.

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