How is Cataract Caused?
October 28, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Cataracts are caused by changes in the lens of the eye that result in clouding and loss of transparency. The lens is a clear, flexible structure located behind the iris and the pupil. It plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina at the back of the eye, allowing you to see clearly. When cataracts develop, they interfere with the passage of light into the eye and can lead to vision problems. The exact cause of cataracts is not always known, but several factors can contribute to their development:
- Aging: The most common cause of cataracts is the natural aging process. Over time, the proteins in the lens may clump together, leading to cloudiness and decreased transparency. Age-related cataracts typically develop slowly and gradually impair vision.
- Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Prolonged and excessive exposure to UV radiation from the sun can increase the risk of cataract formation. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection can help reduce this risk.
- Smoking: Smoking is a known risk factor for cataracts. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can accelerate the development of cataracts.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts. High blood sugar levels can cause changes in the lens that contribute to cataract formation.
- Genetics: Cataracts can run in families, suggesting a genetic component to their development. Some individuals may be more genetically predisposed to cataracts.
- Eye Injuries: Physical trauma to the eye, such as injuries or surgery, can damage the lens and increase the risk of cataracts.
- Medications: Prolonged use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and some types of antidepressants, can increase the risk of cataracts.
- Radiation: Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as that used in cancer treatments, can contribute to cataract formation.
- Other Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hypertension, obesity, and previous eye surgery, may also be associated with an increased risk of cataracts.
- Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption over a long period may increase the likelihood of cataracts.
Cataracts can vary in terms of their severity and impact on vision. Common symptoms of cataracts include blurred or hazy vision, increased sensitivity to glare, difficulty seeing at night, and changes in color perception. The treatment for cataracts typically involves surgical removal of the cloudy lens and its replacement with an artificial intraocular lens. Cataract surgery is highly effective and can restore clear vision in most cases. If you suspect you have cataracts or are experiencing changes in your vision, it’s essential to consult an eye care professional for a comprehensive eye examination and appropriate guidance on managing your condition.