How is Pneumonia Caused?

July 17, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Causes of Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the lungs. It can be caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and, less commonly, parasites. Here are the primary causes of pneumonia:

  1. Bacterial pneumonia: The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia is the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, can also cause pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia can occur on its own or as a complication of another respiratory infection.
  2. Viral pneumonia: Viruses, such as the influenza virus (flu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19, can cause viral pneumonia. Viral pneumonia is more common in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.
  3. Fungal pneumonia: Fungal pneumonia is less common and typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy. Fungi such as Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus species can cause fungal pneumonia.
  4. Aspiration pneumonia: This type of pneumonia occurs when foreign substances, such as food, drink, saliva, or vomit, are inhaled into the lungs, leading to infection and inflammation. Aspiration pneumonia is more common in individuals with a compromised gag reflex, such as those with swallowing difficulties, impaired consciousness, or alcohol or drug intoxication.

Pneumonia can also be classified based on where it was acquired:

  • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): This refers to pneumonia acquired outside of healthcare settings, such as at home, work, or school.
  • Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): This is pneumonia acquired during a hospital stay, typically after 48 hours of admission.
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): This type of pneumonia occurs in individuals who are on mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Prevention measures, such as vaccinations (e.g., pneumococcal and influenza vaccines), good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and addressing underlying health conditions, can reduce the risk of pneumonia. If you suspect you have pneumonia or have concerns about it, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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