How Typhoid is Caused?

July 14, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Typhoid fever is caused by a bacterium called Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). It is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Here’s how typhoid is caused:

  1. Contaminated food and water: The primary mode of transmission of typhoid is through the consumption of food or water contaminated with the bacteria. This contamination can occur if the water supply is contaminated with sewage or if food is handled by an infected person who does not practice proper hygiene.
  2. Poor sanitation and hygiene: In areas with inadequate sanitation facilities, contaminated water can easily mix with the drinking water supply, leading to the spread of the bacteria. Poor hygiene practices, such as improper handwashing after using the toilet, can also contribute to the transmission of the bacteria.
  3. Carrier state: Some individuals, known as carriers, can harbor the bacteria without showing symptoms of the disease. These carriers can shed the bacteria in their feces for an extended period, even after recovering from the infection. Carriers can unknowingly contaminate food, water, or other surfaces, contributing to the spread of typhoid.
  4. Close contact with infected individuals: Direct contact with an infected person, particularly through exposure to their fecal matter, can lead to the transmission of typhoid. This can occur through inadequate handwashing or sharing personal items contaminated with bacteria.

It’s important to note that typhoid is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and overcrowding. Traveling to regions where typhoid is endemic increases the risk of exposure to the bacteria.

Proper sanitation, hygiene practices, and safe food and water practices are essential in preventing the spread of typhoid. Vaccination against typhoid is also available and can provide protection against the disease. If you suspect you have been exposed to typhoid or experience symptoms such as high fever, headache, abdominal pain, or diarrhea, it’s important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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