What are the Causes and Symptoms of Anaemia?

November 6, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and organs. There are several potential causes and a variety of symptoms associated with anemia:

Common Causes of Anemia:

  • Iron Deficiency: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It can result from a lack of dietary iron, poor iron absorption, or chronic blood loss. Common causes include inadequate dietary intake, heavy menstrual periods, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • Vitamin Deficiencies: Anemia can also be caused by deficiencies in other vitamins, such as vitamin B12 or folate. These deficiencies can impair the production of red blood cells.
  • Chronic Diseases: Chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, inflammatory conditions, or certain types of cancer, can interfere with the body’s ability to produce red blood cells.
  • Hemolysis: Hemolytic anemias occur when red blood cells are destroyed more quickly than they can be produced. These conditions can be hereditary or acquired.
  • Bone Marrow Disorders: Conditions that affect the bone marrow, such as aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndromes, can lead to decreased red blood cell production.
  • Hemorrhage: Acute blood loss due to injury or surgery can result in anemia.

Common Symptoms of Anemia:

  • Fatigue: One of the most common and noticeable symptoms of anemia is persistent fatigue and weakness. This is because the body doesn’t get enough oxygen.
  • Pale Skin: Anemia can cause paleness in the skin and mucous membranes.
  • Shortness of Breath: People with anemia may experience difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
  • Rapid Heartbeat: Anemia can lead to an increased heart rate or palpitations as the heart tries to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
  • Headache and Dizziness: Anemic individuals may experience frequent headaches and dizziness.
  • Cold Hands and Feet: Poor circulation of oxygenated blood can lead to cold extremities.
  • Brittle Nails and Hair Loss: Changes in the appearance of nails and hair, such as brittleness and increased shedding, can be observed.
  • Cognitive and Behavioral Changes: Anemia can affect cognitive function, leading to difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and irritability.
  • Chest Pain: In severe cases, anemia may cause chest pain or angina, particularly in individuals with heart disease.
  • Pica: Some individuals with anemia may develop unusual cravings for non-food items, such as ice, clay, or chalk.

The specific symptoms and their severity can vary depending on the underlying cause and the degree of anemia. If you suspect you have anemia or are experiencing these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause of anemia and may involve dietary changes, supplementation, or addressing the underlying medical condition.

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