What are the Symptoms of a Pituitary Tumor?
November 6, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Pituitary tumors are growths that develop in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. These tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (rare). The symptoms of a pituitary tumor can vary depending on the size, type, and location of the tumor. Common symptoms may include:
- Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches are a common symptom. The pain is typically located in the front of the head or behind the eyes.
- Vision Problems: Pituitary tumors can press on the optic nerves or the surrounding structures, causing vision problems, such as blurred vision, double vision, loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision), or difficulty focusing.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Many pituitary tumors can affect hormone production, leading to a variety of hormonal imbalances. These imbalances can result in symptoms such as:
- Irregular menstrual periods in women
- Loss of libido and sexual dysfunction
- Infertility
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Changes in body fat distribution
- Fatigue and weakness
- Increased thirst and urination
- Mood changes and emotional disturbances
- Growth abnormalities in children
- Cushing’s Syndrome: Some pituitary tumors, particularly those that produce excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), can cause Cushing’s syndrome. Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome include weight gain, rounded face (moon face), high blood pressure, stretch marks, and easy bruising.
- Acromegaly: Tumors that produce excessive growth hormone can lead to acromegaly, characterized by the enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features, as well as joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and changes in facial appearance.
- Prolactinoma Symptoms: Prolactin-secreting tumors, called prolactinomas, can lead to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods in women, milk production from the breasts (galactorrhea), and sexual dysfunction in both men and women.
- Thyroid and Gonadal Dysfunction: Pituitary tumors can affect thyroid and gonadal function, leading to symptoms like fatigue, cold intolerance, and changes in libido and sexual function.
- Nasal Discharge or Nosebleeds: In rare cases, larger pituitary tumors can cause a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, leading to a clear nasal discharge or recurrent nosebleeds.
It’s important to note that not all pituitary tumors cause symptoms, and some may be incidentally discovered during brain imaging for other reasons. The specific symptoms and severity can vary widely from person to person. If you suspect you have a pituitary tumor or are experiencing any of the above symptoms, it is essential to seek medical evaluation and care from a neurologist, endocrinologist, or an expert in pituitary disorders. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI, hormonal testing, and possibly a biopsy. Treatment options may include medications, radiation therapy, or surgical removal of the tumor, depending on the type and size of the tumor and the impact on hormonal balance and vision.