What are the Symptoms of Beta Thalassemia?
November 16, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Beta thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the specific genetic mutation and the amount of functional beta-globin protein that is produced. There are two main types of beta thalassemia: thalassemia major (Cooley’s anemia) and thalassemia intermedia. Common symptoms of beta thalassemia can include:
- Anemia: Beta thalassemia leads to a significant reduction in the number of red blood cells and a decrease in hemoglobin levels, causing anemia. Anemia can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor (pale skin).
- Growth and Developmental Issues: In children with beta thalassemia, growth and development may be delayed, and they may be smaller in size compared to their peers.
- Jaundice: Anemia can lead to the breakdown of red blood cells, resulting in jaundice, which is characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes.
- Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): The spleen may become enlarged, causing abdominal pain or discomfort.
- Bone Deformities: Severe cases of beta thalassemia can lead to bone deformities in the face and other parts of the body, including the skull and long bones.
- Fatigue and Weakness: Individuals with beta thalassemia often experience persistent fatigue and general weakness.
- Frequent Infections: Thalassemia can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
- Pale Skin: Individuals with beta thalassemia may have a pale or “washed-out” appearance due to anemia.
- Shortness of Breath: In severe cases, individuals may experience shortness of breath and may have an increased risk of developing heart problems, including heart failure.
It’s important to note that the severity of symptoms can vary widely, and individuals with beta thalassemia may fall into a spectrum of disease severity. Thalassemia major is the more severe form, while thalassemia intermedia is less severe but can still cause significant symptoms and complications.
Beta thalassemia is an inherited condition, and diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure hemoglobin levels and identify the specific genetic mutations. Treatment options may include regular blood transfusions to manage anemia, iron chelation therapy to prevent iron overload, and, in severe cases, bone marrow transplantation. Management and treatment are individualized based on the type and severity of beta thalassemia. Consulting with a hematologist or other healthcare specialists is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation and management plan.