What are the Symptoms of Protein Energy Malnutrition?
October 11, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a serious condition that occurs when there’s a deficiency of both protein and calories in the diet, leading to a range of physical and developmental symptoms. The symptoms of PEM can vary in severity and include:
- Weight Loss: Significant and involuntary weight loss is a primary characteristic of protein-energy malnutrition.
- Muscle Wasting: Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, which can lead to weakness and impaired mobility.
- Fatigue and Weakness: Persistent fatigue and a general lack of energy due to inadequate calorie and protein intake.
- Stunted Growth: In children, insufficient nutrition can lead to growth retardation, resulting in shorter stature than expected for their age.
- Delayed Development: Delayed physical and mental development, particularly in children, resulting in delayed milestones such as walking and talking.
- Edema (Swelling): Swelling of body tissues, especially in the legs and feet, due to fluid retention.
- Brittle Hair and Nails: Hair that is dry, brittle, and easily falls out, along with brittle and ridged nails.
- Skin Changes: Dry, scaly, or flaky skin, which may appear pale, thin, or discolored.
- Poor Immune Response: A weakened immune system, making the individual more susceptible to infections and illnesses.
- Anemia: Insufficient iron intake can lead to anemia, characterized by fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breath.
- Digestive Issues: Digestive problems such as diarrhea, bloating, and constipation may occur due to the body’s inability to process nutrients effectively.
- Difficulty Healing: Slow wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.
- Mental Health Changes: Emotional changes, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and in severe cases, depression and apathy.
- Impaired Organ Function: PEM can affect the function of various organs, including the heart, liver, and kidneys.
It’s important to note that the symptoms and severity of PEM can vary depending on the individual’s age, overall health, duration of malnutrition, and the extent of nutrient deficiency. If you suspect someone is experiencing symptoms of protein-energy malnutrition, it’s essential to seek medical attention promptly for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment to address the nutritional deficiencies and improve overall health and well-being.