What are the Symptoms of Wilson’s Disease?
November 6, 2023 | by Sravani Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to metabolize copper, leading to an accumulation of copper in various organs, primarily the liver and brain. The symptoms of Wilson’s disease can vary widely, and they often appear gradually over time. The disease can manifest differently in individuals, and some may have mild symptoms while others experience more severe ones. Common symptoms and manifestations of Wilson’s disease include:
- Liver Problems: Many individuals with Wilson’s disease initially present with liver-related symptoms. These can include hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, and fatigue.
- Neurological Symptoms: As copper accumulates in the brain, neurological symptoms may develop. These can include tremors, muscle stiffness, and difficulties with coordination and movement. Some individuals may develop slurred speech and difficulty swallowing.
- Psychological Symptoms: Wilson’s disease can also lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms. Individuals may experience mood swings, depression, anxiety, and personality changes. In severe cases, psychosis and cognitive decline can occur.
- Kayser-Fleischer Rings: These are a characteristic sign of Wilson’s disease and appear as a golden-brown or greenish-brown ring around the cornea of the eye. They result from copper buildup and can be detected during an eye examination.
- Hemolytic Anemia: Some individuals with Wilson’s disease develop hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced, leading to symptoms like fatigue and pale skin.
- Renal Symptoms: In some cases, Wilson’s disease can lead to kidney problems, including the formation of kidney stones.
- Bone and Joint Issues: Bone pain and osteoporosis may occur in some individuals with Wilson’s disease.
- Other Organ Involvement: Copper buildup can affect other organs, such as the heart and lungs, leading to symptoms specific to those organs.
It’s important to note that the severity and combination of symptoms can vary widely among individuals with Wilson’s disease. The disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, clinical examination, blood tests, urine tests, and genetic testing. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent or minimize organ damage. Treatment typically involves medications that help remove excess copper from the body and manage the symptoms. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary if the liver damage is severe. Wilson’s disease is a lifelong condition, but with proper treatment and monitoring, individuals can lead normal, healthy lives.