What Can Cause Myopia?

February 20, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Myopia

Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error of the eye where close objects can be seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. The development of myopia is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Here are some common factors associated with the development of myopia:

  • Genetics: Family history plays a significant role in the development of myopia. If one or both parents are nearsighted, there is an increased likelihood that their children may develop myopia.
  • Excessive Near Work: Prolonged and intense focus on close-up tasks, such as reading, using computers, or playing video games, especially during childhood and adolescence, has been associated with an increased risk of myopia. This is known as “near work-induced myopia.”
  • Lack of Outdoor Time: Spending more time indoors and less time outdoors, especially during childhood, has been linked to an increased risk of myopia. Outdoor activities appear to have a protective effect against the development of myopia.
  • Educational and Socioeconomic Factors: Higher levels of education and certain socioeconomic factors have been associated with an increased prevalence of myopia. These factors may contribute to increased near work and reduced outdoor time.
  • Low Light Exposure: Insufficient exposure to natural light, especially during early childhood, may be a contributing factor to myopia development. Natural light exposure is thought to play a role in regulating eye growth.
  • Early Onset of Myopia: Individuals who develop myopia at an early age, especially before puberty, may be at a higher risk of developing high myopia (severe nearsightedness) later in life.
  • Ethnicity: The prevalence of myopia can vary among different ethnic groups. Some populations may have a higher genetic predisposition to myopia.
  • Certain Medical Conditions: Some medical conditions, such as diabetes, can be associated with changes in the eye that contribute to myopia.
  • Visual Stress: Poor visual habits, such as reading in low light or holding reading materials too close, may contribute to myopia development.

It’s important to note that myopia is a complex condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While genetic predisposition is a significant factor, lifestyle and environmental modifications may help manage myopia progression, especially in children. Regular eye examinations with an optometrist or ophthalmologist are important for early detection and appropriate management of myopia. Corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses) and orthokeratology (corneal reshaping therapy) are common methods used to address myopia and provide clear vision. Additionally, various interventions, such as lifestyle modifications and specialized contact lenses, may be recommended to slow the progression of myopia, particularly in children.

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