What Causes B12 Deficiency in Older Adults?
August 8, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Vitamin B12 deficiency is relatively common among older adults and can have various underlying causes. As people age, certain factors can contribute to a decreased ability to absorb and utilize vitamin B12 from dietary sources. Here are some key reasons for B12 deficiency in older adults:
- Reduced Stomach Acid Production: With age, the stomach’s production of hydrochloric acid, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 from food, may decline. This can affect the release of B12 from protein-bound sources in food.
- Atrophic Gastritis: Atrophic gastritis is a condition characterized by the thinning of the stomach lining, which can occur with age. This condition reduces the stomach’s ability to produce intrinsic factor, a protein needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.
- Pernicious Anemia: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks the cells that produce intrinsic factor. This condition impairs B12 absorption and is more common in older adults.
- Medications: Certain medications, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers used to manage acid reflux and stomach ulcers, can reduce stomach acid production, potentially affecting B12 absorption.
- Dietary Factors: As people age, dietary habits may change, leading to a lower intake of vitamin B12-rich foods, such as meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products.
- Gastrointestinal Disorders: Conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), can impact B12 absorption.
- Surgical Procedures: Surgical procedures that involve the removal of parts of the stomach or small intestine can affect the body’s ability to absorb B12.
- Altered Intestinal Flora: Changes in the composition of gut bacteria that occur with age can influence B12 absorption.
- Chronic Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to inflammation and damage in the stomach lining, affecting B12 absorption.
- Vegetarian or Vegan Diets: Older adults who follow strict vegetarian or vegan diets might be at a higher risk of B12 deficiency if they do not adequately supplement or consume fortified foods.
Vitamin B12 is essential for various bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells, nerve function, and DNA synthesis. A deficiency can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, memory problems, and nerve damage. If you’re an older adult, it’s important to monitor your B12 intake and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider. Regular health check-ups and blood tests can help identify and address vitamin deficiencies, allowing for appropriate treatment and supplementation if needed.