What Causes Eye Pressure?
October 3, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Eye pressure, also known as intraocular pressure (IOP), is the pressure within the eye’s anterior chamber. It is primarily determined by the balance between the production and drainage of the clear fluid called aqueous humor that fills the front part of the eye. Normally, a certain level of intraocular pressure is necessary to maintain the shape of the eye and to support the proper function of the optic nerve. However, elevated intraocular pressure can be a risk factor for glaucoma, a condition that can lead to vision loss if not managed.
The primary cause of elevated intraocular pressure is a disruption in the balance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor. Some common factors that can lead to increased eye pressure include:
- Impaired Drainage: The most common cause of elevated intraocular pressure is an impairment in the drainage system of the eye, particularly the trabecular meshwork. This can occur due to age-related changes, genetic factors, or certain eye conditions.
- Excessive Production of Aqueous Humor: In some cases, the eye may produce too much aqueous humor, overwhelming the drainage system. This can be associated with conditions like neovascular glaucoma or uveitis.
- Narrow or Closed Angle: In angle-closure glaucoma, the drainage angle in the eye becomes blocked, leading to a sudden and severe increase in intraocular pressure. This is a medical emergency.
- Secondary Causes: Some medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids), can contribute to elevated eye pressure.
- Family History: A family history of glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure may increase an individual’s risk.
- Eye Injuries or Surgery: Trauma to the eye or eye surgery can temporarily increase intraocular pressure. This is often monitored closely by healthcare providers.
- Systemic Diseases: Certain systemic diseases, such as thyroid disorders or autoimmune conditions, can affect the eyes and may influence intraocular pressure.
It’s important to note that elevated intraocular pressure, also known as ocular hypertension, does not always lead to glaucoma or vision problems. Regular eye exams, including measurement of intraocular pressure, can help detect and monitor changes in eye pressure over time. If elevated intraocular pressure is detected and is determined to be a risk factor for glaucoma, an eye care professional may recommend further evaluation, additional tests, and potentially treatment to lower eye pressure and prevent potential vision loss.
It’s also crucial for individuals at higher risk of glaucoma due to factors like age, family history, or certain medical conditions to have regular eye exams to monitor their eye health and intraocular pressure. Early detection and management of glaucoma are essential for preserving vision and preventing further damage to the optic nerve.