What Causes Gout and How To Treat It?

February 29, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Gout

Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in the joints, often the base of the big toe. Gout occurs due to the accumulation of urate crystals in the joints. The development of gout is influenced by several factors:

  • High levels of uric acid: Gout is primarily caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia. Uric acid is a byproduct of the breakdown of purines, which are found in certain foods and are also produced by the body. When uric acid levels become too high, crystals can form and deposit in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain.
  • Dietary factors: Consuming foods high in purines, such as organ meats, seafood, red meat, and certain alcoholic beverages (especially beer), can contribute to elevated uric acid levels and increase the risk of gout attacks.
  • Genetics: Gout can run in families. Genetic factors may influence the body’s ability to metabolize and excrete uric acid.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight can contribute to higher levels of uric acid and increase the risk of developing gout.
  • Medical conditions: Certain health conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension, can contribute to an increased risk of gout.
  • Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics (water pills) and drugs that suppress the immune system, may increase uric acid levels.
  • Age and gender: Gout is more common in men, particularly between the ages of 30 and 50. Women’s risk increases after menopause.

To treat gout and manage its symptoms, healthcare professionals may recommend the following:

  1. Medications:
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
    • Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory medication.
    • Corticosteroids for more severe cases.
    • Medications to lower uric acid levels, such as allopurinol or febuxostat.
  2. Lifestyle modifications:
    • Dietary changes, including reducing intake of high-purine foods and alcohol.
    • Weight management to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
    • Staying hydrated to help flush uric acid from the body.
  3. Management of comorbid conditions: Treating underlying health conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, may help reduce the risk of gout attacks.
  4. Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that may lead to gout attacks, such as certain medications or specific foods.

Individuals experiencing symptoms of gout or those with a history of gout attacks should consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Long-term management strategies are often employed to prevent future gout attacks and reduce the risk of complications.

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