What Causes Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes?

March 9, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Diabetes

Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. It occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels. When insulin resistance occurs, the cells do not respond efficiently to insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. Several factors contribute to the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes:

  • Genetics: There is a genetic component to insulin resistance, and individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk. Specific genetic factors can influence insulin sensitivity and contribute to the development of diabetes.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight, especially in the abdominal area, is strongly associated with insulin resistance. Fat cells, especially those around the abdomen, release substances that can interfere with insulin action. Losing weight through a healthy diet and regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity.
  • Physical inactivity: Lack of regular physical activity is linked to insulin resistance. Exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity by allowing cells to use glucose more efficiently. Regular physical activity is an essential component of diabetes management and prevention.
  • Poor diet: Diets high in refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and sugars can contribute to insulin resistance. A diet rich in whole foods, fiber, and low in processed sugars can help manage blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
  • Aging: Aging is associated with a natural decline in insulin sensitivity. As people age, their cells may become less responsive to insulin, increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  • Hormonal factors: Hormones produced by the adrenal glands, such as cortisol, and hormones associated with obesity, such as adipokines, can contribute to insulin resistance. Imbalances in these hormones may interfere with insulin signaling.
  • Inflammatory factors: Chronic low-grade inflammation in the body is linked to insulin resistance. Conditions such as obesity can lead to increased inflammation, affecting insulin sensitivity.
  • Sleep deprivation: Lack of quality sleep has been associated with insulin resistance. Poor sleep patterns can disrupt hormonal balance and contribute to metabolic dysfunction.

Addressing these factors through lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and adopting a balanced diet, can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In some cases, medications may also be prescribed to manage insulin resistance and blood glucose levels.

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