What Causes Lung Infection?
August 2, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Lung infections, also known as respiratory infections, can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and sometimes parasites. These infections can affect different parts of the respiratory system, such as the lungs, bronchi, trachea, or nasal passages. Here are some common causes of lung infections:
- Viruses: Viruses are a common cause of respiratory infections. Influenza viruses (flu), rhinoviruses (cause of the common cold), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19), and adenoviruses are examples of viral pathogens that can cause lung infections.
- Bacteria: Bacterial lung infections can range from mild to severe. Common bacterial pathogens that cause lung infections include Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (causing atypical pneumonia).
- Fungi: Fungal lung infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems, chronic lung diseases, or those exposed to certain environmental conditions. Examples of fungal lung infections include aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcosis.
- Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious and potentially serious lung infection. TB can also affect other organs in the body.
- Parasites: While less common, parasitic lung infections can occur. Parasites like Paragonimus (lung fluke) or Strongyloides stercoralis can infect the lungs, particularly in regions where these parasites are prevalent.
- Aspiration: Lung infections can also arise from aspiration, where stomach contents or foreign substances are inhaled into the lungs, leading to inflammation and infection.
Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing a lung infection. These include a weakened immune system, chronic respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – COPD), smoking, age (young children and the elderly are more susceptible), and exposure to environmental pollutants.
The symptoms of a lung infection can vary depending on the specific pathogen and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms may include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, chills, fatigue, and production of mucus or sputum.
Prompt medical evaluation is important if you suspect you have a lung infection or experience severe respiratory symptoms. Doctors can diagnose the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatments, such as antiviral medications for viral infections or antibiotics for bacterial infections.