What is the Leading Cause of Infertility in Females?
October 6, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility in females. PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that affects people of reproductive age, and it can disrupt the normal ovulatory process, making it difficult to conceive. While not all individuals with PCOS experience infertility, it is a significant concern for many.
PCOS is characterized by several key features, including:
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles: People with PCOS often have irregular periods or may skip periods altogether. This irregularity can make it challenging to predict ovulation and time intercourse for conception.
- Ovulatory Dysfunction: PCOS can disrupt the normal ovulation process, causing infrequent or anovulatory (lack of ovulation) cycles. Ovulation is essential for the release of mature eggs that can be fertilized by sperm.
- High Levels of Androgens: PCOS is associated with elevated levels of androgens, such as testosterone, which can interfere with ovulation and disrupt the balance of hormones necessary for fertility.
- Polycystic Ovaries: On ultrasound imaging, individuals with PCOS often have enlarged ovaries with multiple small follicles (cysts). These cysts are not necessarily harmful on their own but can be a sign of the underlying hormonal imbalance.
- Insulin Resistance: Many individuals with PCOS have insulin resistance, which can lead to higher insulin levels in the body. This can further contribute to hormonal imbalances and interfere with normal ovulation.
It’s important to note that while PCOS is a common cause of infertility in females, there are various other factors and conditions that can also lead to fertility issues. These include:
- Tubal factors: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes can prevent the sperm from reaching the egg or the fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus.
- Endometriosis: This condition involves the growth of tissue similar to the uterine lining outside the uterus, which can lead to fertility problems.
- Uterine factors: Abnormalities in the structure of the uterus or the presence of uterine fibroids can affect fertility.
- Age: As women age, their fertility naturally declines, with a more significant decrease typically occurring after the age of 35.
- Male factors: Male infertility, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility, is a significant contributor to fertility problems in couples.
- Unexplained infertility: In some cases, no specific cause of infertility is identified despite thorough evaluation.
Infertility is a complex issue, and it often involves a combination of factors. If a couple is experiencing difficulties conceiving, it’s advisable to seek medical evaluation and consultation with a healthcare provider or fertility specialist. Appropriate diagnostic tests can help determine the underlying cause, and treatment options can be discussed based on the specific diagnosis.