What is the Main Cause of Diabetes?

August 12, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Diabetes

Diabetes is a complex group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). The main causes of diabetes vary depending on the type of diabetes:

  • Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells (beta cells) in the pancreas. This leads to a lack of insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, such as viral infections.
  • Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is primarily caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, and the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
    • Obesity: Excess body weight, particularly abdominal obesity, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
    • Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular physical activity contributes to insulin resistance and an increased risk of diabetes.
    • Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in refined sugars, saturated and trans fats, and low in fiber can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
    • Genetics: Family history of diabetes can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
    • Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age, especially after the age of 45.
    • Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
  • Gestational Diabetes: Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance. It usually resolves after childbirth, but women who develop gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
  • Other Types of Diabetes: There are other less common forms of diabetes, such as monogenic diabetes and secondary diabetes, which can be caused by genetic mutations or underlying medical conditions, respectively.

It’s important to note that while genetic factors can predispose individuals to diabetes, lifestyle choices (such as diet and physical activity) play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through balanced eating, regular exercise, and weight management can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and manage its progression. If you have concerns about diabetes or its risk factors, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for guidance and appropriate screenings.

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