Which Disease is Caused by Deficiency of Iodine?

July 28, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Deficiency of Iodine

A deficiency of iodine can lead to a condition known as “iodine deficiency disorder” (IDD). The most well-known and significant manifestation of IDD is goiter, which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. However, IDD can lead to various other health issues as well.

Iodine is a crucial element required for the production of thyroid hormones, specifically thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a vital role in regulating the body’s metabolism and growth. When there is insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland becomes unable to produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to the following conditions:

  • Goiter: As the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to compensate for the lack of iodine, a visible and palpable swelling in the neck, known as a goiter, may develop.
  • Hypothyroidism: A severe and prolonged iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism can lead to fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and other symptoms.
  • Mental Impairment: In pregnant women and young children, iodine deficiency can result in impaired cognitive development and intellectual disabilities in severe cases. Iodine is particularly critical for fetal brain development during pregnancy and early childhood.

IDD remains a public health concern in certain regions where iodine-rich foods are scarce, and people may not have access to iodized salt or iodine supplements. However, many countries have implemented salt iodization programs to address iodine deficiency and prevent the associated health problems.

Iodine deficiency can be diagnosed through blood tests to assess thyroid hormone levels and urinary iodine concentrations. If a deficiency is detected, treatment typically involves iodine supplementation through iodized salt or iodine-containing supplements to restore adequate levels and prevent further complications. It’s essential to work with healthcare professionals to ensure the correct dosage and treatment plan for iodine deficiency.

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