Why do Ace Inhibitors Cause Angioedema?

April 3, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Angioedema

Angioedema is a condition characterized by localized swelling in the deeper layers of the skin, often occurring in areas such as the face, lips, tongue, throat, or extremities. Angioedema can be caused by various factors, including allergic reactions, medications, and genetic predisposition. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a class of medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure, are known to cause angioedema as a side effect in some individuals. Several mechanisms may contribute to ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema:

  • Bradykinin accumulation: ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the enzyme ACE, which normally converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Additionally, ACE is responsible for breaking down bradykinin, a potent vasodilator and mediator of inflammation. By inhibiting ACE, ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to an accumulation of bradykinin in the body. Excessive levels of bradykinin can cause dilation of blood vessels and increase vascular permeability, leading to fluid leakage into surrounding tissues and the development of angioedema.
  • Individual susceptibility: Not everyone taking ACE inhibitors will experience angioedema. Some individuals may be more susceptible to developing angioedema due to genetic factors or underlying conditions that affect their response to bradykinin. Factors such as previous episodes of angioedema, family history of angioedema, or concomitant use of other medications that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema.
  • Delayed onset: ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema typically occurs within the first few weeks to months of starting treatment but can sometimes manifest after long-term use. This delayed onset suggests that factors such as accumulation of bradykinin or changes in bradykinin receptors may contribute to the development of angioedema over time.
  • Histamine-independent mechanism: Unlike allergic angioedema, which is mediated by histamine release, ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema does not involve histamine. Instead, it is primarily mediated by bradykinin and other vasoactive peptides. This histamine-independent mechanism distinguishes ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema from allergic reactions and may explain why antihistamines are not effective in treating ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema.

It’s important to note that ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema can be severe and life-threatening, especially if it involves the airway and leads to respiratory compromise. Individuals who develop symptoms of angioedema, such as swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, should seek immediate medical attention, and ACE inhibitors should be discontinued. Alternative medications for managing hypertension or heart failure may be prescribed by a healthcare provider.

«
»

  • Recent Posts

  • Categories

  • Archives

  • Tags

    bestime Black fungus coronavirus covid19 detox drinks diagnosis and treatment Early Morning Empty Stomach Guava-benefits Healthy BreakfastFood healthy diet healthydrink immunityboosters Protein proteinpowders recipes Uterine fibroid uterus weightloss workout