Why Does PCOS Cause Infertility?

April 5, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Infertility

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. While not all women with PCOS experience infertility, it can contribute to difficulties in conceiving due to several reasons:

  • Anovulation: PCOS often disrupts the normal ovulation process, which is the release of eggs from the ovaries. Anovulation, or irregular ovulation, is common in women with PCOS. Without ovulation, there is no egg available for fertilization, leading to infertility.
  • Hormonal Imbalance: PCOS is characterized by an imbalance in hormones, particularly elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) such as testosterone. These hormonal imbalances can interfere with the development and release of eggs from the ovaries, further disrupting the ovulation process.
  • Insulin Resistance: Many women with PCOS also have insulin resistance, which means their bodies have difficulty using insulin effectively to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance can lead to high levels of insulin in the bloodstream, which in turn can disrupt ovarian function and interfere with normal ovulation.
  • Changes in Follicle Development: In PCOS, the follicles in the ovaries may develop but often do not mature properly or do not release an egg during ovulation. This can result in the formation of multiple small follicles, giving the appearance of “cysts” on the ovaries.
  • Endometrial Changes: Women with PCOS may have alterations in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), which can affect implantation of a fertilized egg. This can reduce the chances of a successful pregnancy even if ovulation occurs.
  • Other Factors: PCOS is often associated with other factors that can contribute to infertility, such as obesity, which is common in women with PCOS and can negatively impact fertility.

Overall, the combination of these factors can make it more challenging for women with PCOS to conceive. However, with appropriate management and treatment, many women with PCOS are able to achieve pregnancy. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, medications to induce ovulation, and assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

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