Why is Diabetes Caused?
August 23, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Diabetes is a complex group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). The development of diabetes involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, there is a condition known as gestational diabetes that can occur during pregnancy.
- Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the uptake of glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy. Without sufficient insulin, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, such as viral infections.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is the more common form of diabetes and is primarily characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Insulin resistance occurs when cells in the body do not respond effectively to the action of insulin, leading to reduced glucose uptake. Over time, the pancreas may struggle to produce enough insulin to compensate for this resistance. Genetics play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes, but lifestyle factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior, poor diet, and lack of physical activity also contribute to its onset. Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle-related factors, and many cases can be prevented or managed through healthy lifestyle choices.
- Gestational Diabetes: Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy when hormonal changes lead to insulin resistance. If the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased demand, blood sugar levels can rise. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Genetics and hormonal changes during pregnancy play roles in gestational diabetes.
It’s important to note that while genetics can influence a person’s susceptibility to diabetes, lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and body weight also play a significant role. Preventive measures and management strategies for diabetes often involve healthy eating, regular physical activity, weight management, blood sugar monitoring, and, if necessary, medication or insulin therapy.