Do Nitrates Cause Cancer?
January 8, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Nitrates themselves are not classified as carcinogenic (cancer-causing agents). However, under certain conditions, they can form nitrosamines, which are considered potential carcinogens. Nitrosamines can form in the body when nitrates are converted into nitrites, particularly in the presence of amines and amides, which are naturally present in certain foods or added during food processing.
Nitrosamines have been linked to an increased risk of cancer in some studies, particularly gastric cancer and certain other types of cancer. These compounds can form in preserved or processed meats (such as bacon, hot dogs, and deli meats) when nitrates/nitrites are used as preservatives and cooked at high temperatures.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies some specific nitrosamines, like N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), as probable or possible carcinogens to humans based on animal studies and limited evidence in humans.
However, it’s important to note that the risk from dietary nitrates/nitrites in foods like vegetables is generally considered lower because these foods also contain antioxidants and other compounds that can counteract the potential harmful effects. The overall risk from nitrates in vegetables is outweighed by their numerous health benefits.
There’s evidence linking nitrosamines to cancer, more research is ongoing to understand the exact relationship between dietary nitrates/nitrites and cancer risk, as well as to identify ways to mitigate the formation of nitrosamines in food processing. As always, moderation and a balanced diet are key factors in reducing potential health risks associated with any particular food component.