What are the Causes of Measles and Rubella?
February 16, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Measles and rubella are both viral infections caused by different viruses. Here are the causes for each:
- Measles (Rubeola):
- Causing Agent: Measles is caused by the measles virus, a highly contagious virus belonging to the Paramyxovirus family.
- Transmission: Measles is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces.
- Rubella (German Measles):
- Causing Agent: Rubella is caused by the rubella virus, which is a member of the Togaviridae family.
- Transmission: Similar to measles, rubella is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread through direct contact with respiratory secretions or contact with contaminated surfaces.
In both cases:
- Incubation Period: The incubation period for measles is typically 10-14 days, while for rubella, it is about 14-21 days.
- Contagious Period: Both measles and rubella are highly contagious, and individuals infected with these viruses can spread the diseases to others several days before the onset of symptoms and for a few days after the appearance of the rash.
- Complications: Both diseases can lead to complications, particularly in certain populations. Measles can cause severe respiratory and neurological complications, while rubella can be especially dangerous for pregnant women, potentially leading to congenital rubella syndrome in the developing fetus.
Prevention of measles and rubella primarily involves vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective in preventing both diseases. Routine childhood vaccination has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of measles and rubella in many parts of the world.
It’s important to note that measles and rubella are preventable diseases, and widespread vaccination efforts are crucial for achieving and maintaining herd immunity to protect vulnerable populations. If there is concern about these diseases or if someone is showing symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.