What Causes Blocked Arteries?
August 20, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Blocked arteries, also known as atherosclerosis or arterial plaque buildup, occur when fatty deposits called plaques accumulate in the walls of arteries, narrowing the blood vessel and restricting blood flow. This condition can lead to various cardiovascular problems, including heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Several factors contribute to the development of blocked arteries:
- Aging: As people age, the risk of plaque buildup in arteries increases. Over time, wear and tear on the artery walls can make them more susceptible to plaque formation.
- High Cholesterol Levels: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits in artery walls. LDL cholesterol can oxidize and trigger inflammation, contributing to plaque formation.
- High Blood Pressure: Hypertension causes constant stress on artery walls, making them more prone to damage and plaque accumulation.
- Smoking: Smoking damages artery walls, making them more susceptible to plaque formation. Smoking also lowers levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which helps remove LDL cholesterol from arteries.
- Diabetes: Diabetes can damage blood vessels and promote the accumulation of plaques in arteries. Insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels contribute to this process.
- Obesity: Excess body weight, particularly when concentrated around the abdomen, increases the risk of atherosclerosis and blocked arteries.
- Unhealthy Diet: Consuming diets high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and processed foods can contribute to plaque buildup. Diets low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can also increase the risk.
- Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular physical activity can contribute to obesity, hypertension, and other risk factors for blocked arteries.
- Family History: A family history of heart disease, stroke, or other cardiovascular conditions can increase the risk of blocked arteries.
- Gender and Age: Men are generally at higher risk for blocked arteries, though women’s risk increases after menopause. Younger people with certain risk factors (such as family history) may also develop early plaque buildup.
- Genetics: Genetic factors can play a role in how the body metabolizes cholesterol, processes inflammation, and repairs damaged arteries.
- Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, whether due to underlying conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lifestyle factors, can contribute to the development of plaques in arteries.
- Stress: Chronic stress can impact blood pressure and contribute to unhealthy behaviors like overeating or smoking, increasing the risk of blocked arteries.
- Certain Medical Conditions: Conditions like chronic kidney disease, lupus, and certain autoimmune disorders can increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
Preventing or managing blocked arteries involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and medical interventions. A heart-healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing underlying health conditions is crucial for reducing the risk of blocked arteries and related cardiovascular complications. If you are at risk or have concerns, it’s important to work with a healthcare professional to develop a personalized plan for heart health.