What Causes Calcium Deficiency?

October 3, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Calcium in Bones illustration

Calcium deficiency, also known as hypocalcemia, can occur for various reasons, including insufficient dietary intake, poor absorption, or medical conditions that disrupt calcium balance in the body. Here are some common causes of calcium deficiency:

  • Inadequate Dietary Intake: A diet that lacks sufficient calcium-rich foods can lead to calcium deficiency. Dairy products (such as milk, yogurt, and cheese), leafy greens, fortified foods, and certain nuts and seeds are good dietary sources of calcium.
  • Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium from the intestines. A lack of vitamin D, often due to limited sun exposure, can lead to impaired calcium absorption and ultimately calcium deficiency.
  • Malabsorption Disorders: Certain medical conditions can interfere with the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract. Conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and some gastrointestinal surgeries can reduce calcium absorption.
  • Medications: Some medications, particularly those used to treat acid reflux or excessive stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors or PPIs) and certain diuretics, can decrease calcium absorption or increase calcium excretion in the urine.
  • Hypoparathyroidism: This rare condition occurs when the parathyroid glands do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is necessary for regulating calcium levels in the body.
  • Kidney Disorders: Kidney diseases or kidney failure can disrupt the body’s ability to excrete excess calcium, leading to elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) and reduced calcium in the bones, potentially causing calcium deficiency.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menopause or pregnancy, can affect calcium levels. For example, pregnancy places increased demands on calcium for fetal development.
  • Certain Medical Treatments: Certain medical treatments, such as radiation therapy for cancer or removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery, can affect calcium balance.
  • Genetic Factors: In rare cases, genetic factors can lead to disorders that affect calcium regulation in the body, such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.
  • Alcohol and Caffeine Consumption: Excessive alcohol or caffeine intake can interfere with calcium absorption and may contribute to calcium deficiency.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency can include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the fingers and toes, weakened bones (osteoporosis or osteopenia), and in severe cases, it can lead to heart rhythm disturbances and seizures.

Treatment of calcium deficiency involves addressing the underlying cause. Depending on the severity and the specific condition, treatment may include dietary changes to increase calcium intake, vitamin D supplementation, medications, and management of underlying medical conditions. If you suspect you have calcium deficiency or are at risk due to certain medical conditions or medications, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance. They can recommend appropriate tests and treatments to address your specific situation.

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