What is Malnutrition? Explain Few Nutritional Deficiency Diseases.

February 28, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Malnutrition is a condition that results from an inadequate or imbalanced intake of essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. It can occur due to various factors such as poverty, food insecurity, inadequate access to healthcare, disease, and poor feeding practices.

Some examples of nutritional deficiency diseases that can result from malnutrition include:

  • Iron-deficiency anemia: It is a condition where the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to various parts of the body. Iron-deficiency anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
  • Vitamin A deficiency: It is a condition that occurs when the body does not have enough vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining healthy eyesight, skin, and immune system. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry eyes, and an increased risk of infections.
  • Iodine deficiency: It is a condition where the body lacks sufficient iodine, which is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter, a condition where the thyroid gland enlarges, as well as intellectual disabilities and growth retardation.
  • Protein-energy malnutrition: It is a condition where the body lacks sufficient protein and calories, which are essential for growth, development, and maintenance of tissues. Protein-energy malnutrition can cause stunted growth, wasting, and increased susceptibility to infections.
  • Calcium and vitamin D deficiency: It is a condition where the body lacks sufficient calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for building and maintaining strong bones. Calcium and vitamin D deficiency can cause osteoporosis, a condition where the bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures.

It is important to note that malnutrition can have serious consequences, especially in children and pregnant women, and can lead to long-term health problems. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure a balanced and varied diet, especially in populations that are at risk of malnutrition.

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