What Can Cause Liver Cancer?

February 20, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Liver Cancer

Liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), can develop as a result of various factors, and it often arises in the setting of chronic liver diseases. Here are common causes and risk factors for liver cancer:

  • Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk factor for liver cancer. These viruses can lead to inflammation and cirrhosis of the liver, increasing the likelihood of cancer development.
  • Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is advanced scarring of the liver tissue, often caused by chronic liver diseases such as chronic viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for liver cancer.
  • Alcohol Consumption: Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption can lead to liver cirrhosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer.
  • Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Accumulation of fat in the liver, often associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, increasing the risk of liver cancer.
  • Aflatoxin Exposure: Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain molds that can contaminate grains, nuts, and legumes. Prolonged exposure to aflatoxins is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer.
  • Hemochromatosis: This is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption of iron from the diet, leading to the accumulation of iron in the liver and other organs. Over time, iron overload can contribute to liver damage and increase the risk of cancer.
  • Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC): Chronic inflammation and damage to the bile ducts in conditions like PBC and PSC can contribute to liver cancer.
  • Hereditary Liver Diseases: Some genetic conditions, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, may increase the risk of liver cancer.
  • Obesity: Obesity, especially when associated with metabolic syndrome, can contribute to the development of NAFLD and subsequent cirrhosis, increasing the risk of liver cancer.
  • Diabetes: People with diabetes have an elevated risk of developing liver cancer, likely due to the association with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  • Tobacco Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of liver cancer, particularly in individuals with chronic liver disease.
  • Certain Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as anabolic steroids, may be associated with an increased risk of liver cancer.

It’s important to note that liver cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages, and symptoms may only become noticeable as the disease progresses. Regular medical check-ups, screening for individuals at high risk, and addressing underlying liver conditions are crucial for early detection and effective management of liver cancer. If someone experiences symptoms suggestive of liver issues or has risk factors, they should seek medical attention for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

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